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This material contains lists of English verbs with the suffixes ATE, EN, FY, ISH, IZE, common verbal suffixes. The lists include verbs that are frequently used in ordinary speech and writing as well as verbs used mostly in formal written English, including some bookish and rare verbs.
Данный материал содержит списки английских глаголов с суффиксами ATE, EN, FY, ISH, IZE, употребительными глагольными суффиксами. Списки включают в себя глаголы, которые часто употребляются в обычной устной и письменной речи, а также глаголы, употребляемые в основном в официальном письменном английском языке, включая некоторые книжные и редкие глаголы.
The lists are intended for practicing spelling, and not for active use. Helpful materials on verbs and their suffixes in the section Writing: Adding Suffixes; Difficult Suffixes of Verbs; Adding the Endings ed, ing to Verbs.
Списки предназначены для тренировки написания, а не для активного употребления. Полезные материалы по глаголам и их суффиксам в разделе Writing: Adding Suffixes; Difficult Suffixes of Verbs; Adding the Endings ed, ing to Verbs.
The suffixes ATE, EN, FY, ISH, IZE have the following general meanings: to do, make or become as indicated in the root. For example: to activate – to make active; to deepen – to make or become deeper; to simplify – to make simpler; to finish – to bring or come to an end; to apologize – to make an apology. Verbs with the suffixes ATE, EN, FY, ISH, IZE are regular; they add "ed" for the simple past and past participle.
Суффиксы ATE, EN, FY, ISH, IZE имеют следующие общие значения: делать или стать, как указано в корне. Например: to activate – активировать; to deepen – углубить или стать глубже; to simplify – упростить, сделать проще; to finish – закончить, закончиться; to apologize – извиниться. Глаголы с суффиксами ATE, EN, FY, ISH, IZE – правильные; они прибавляют "ed" для прошедшего времени и причастия прошедшего времени.
Note: A list of verbs ending in ER is provided at the end of this material. (Список глаголов, оканчивающихся на ER, дан в конце этого материала.)
abbreviate, abdicate, accelerate, accentuate, accommodate, accumulate, activate, advocate, affiliate, agitate, aggravate, alienate, alleviate, allocate, alternate, amputate, animate, annihilate, annotate, anticipate, appreciate, appropriate, articulate, assassinate, associate, automate;
calculate, calibrate, capitulate, captivate, castigate, celebrate, circulate, collaborate, commemorate, communicate, compensate, complicate, concentrate, confiscate, congratulate, congregate, consecrate, consolidate, contaminate, contemplate, cooperate, coordinate, create, cremate, culminate, cultivate;
debilitate, decorate, dedicate, deflate, degenerate, dehydrate, delegate, deliberate, delineate, demonstrate, depreciate, designate, desolate, detonate, devastate, deviate, dictate, differentiate, discriminate, dissipate, domesticate, dominate, donate, duplicate;
educate, elaborate, elevate, eliminate, emaciate, emancipate, emigrate, enumerate, enunciate, equate, eradicate, escalate, estimate, evacuate, evaluate, evaporate, exaggerate, exasperate, exhilarate, exonerate, explicate, expropriate, exterminate;
fabricate, fascinate, federate, formulate, frustrate, fumigate, generate, germinate, gesticulate, graduate, granulate, gravitate, gyrate, hallucinate, hesitate, hibernate, humiliate;
illuminate, illustrate, imitate, immigrate, implicate, inaugurate, incriminate, indicate, infiltrate, inflate, infuriate, initiate, insinuate, instigate, insulate, integrate, interpolate, interrogate, intimate, intimidate, intoxicate, invalidate, investigate, invigorate, irritate, isolate;
levitate, liberate, liquidate, litigate, locate, manipulate, marinate (also, marinade), medicate, meditate, migrate, mitigate, moderate, modulate, motivate, mutate, mutilate;
narrate, nauseate, navigate, negate, negotiate, nominate, obligate, obliterate, obviate, officiate, operate, originate;
paginate, participate, penetrate, percolate, permeate, pollinate, populate, postulate, precipitate, procrastinate, prognosticate, proliferate, propagate, pulsate, punctuate;
radiate, reciprocate, recuperate, regulate, reiterate, rejuvenate, relate, relocate, renovate, repatriate, replicate, retaliate, reverberate, rotate, ruminate;
saturate, segregate, separate, simulate, speculate, stimulate, stipulate, subordinate, substantiate, suffocate, syndicate;
terminate, tolerate, translate, truncate, urinate, vacate, vaccinate, validate, vegetate, ventilate, vibrate, vindicate, violate.
Past: anticipated, circulated, illustrated, motivated, originated, separated, violated, etc.
Rare spelling (double "l" before ATE in verbs): oscillate, scintillate, titillate, vacillate, flagellate.
(Nouns with ATE: advocate, associate, candidate, certificate, chocolate, concentrate, delegate, estimate, graduate, pirate, magnate, syndicate, etc.)
(Adjectives with ATE: accurate, appropriate, considerate, deliberate, graduate, fortunate, immediate, legitimate, obstinate, private, separate, etc.)
awaken, batten, blacken, brighten, broaden, burden, chasten, christen;
dampen, darken, deaden, deafen, deepen, enlighten, enliven, fasten, fatten, flatten, frighten, glisten;
happen, harden, hasten, heighten, leaven, lengthen, lessen, lighten, liken, listen, liven, loosen;
madden, moisten, open, quicken, redden, ripen, roughen;
sadden, sharpen, shorten, sicken, slacken, sodden, soften, stiffen, straighten, strengthen, sweeten;
thicken, threaten, tighten, waken, weaken, widen, whiten, worsen.
Past: awakened, deepened, happened, lengthened, sweetened, etc.
(Nouns with EN: chicken, garden, heaven, kitten, pollen, specimen, token, etc.)
(Adjectives with EN: alien, golden, open, silken, sodden, sudden, wooden, woolen, etc.)
(Past participles with EN: beaten, broken, chosen, forbidden, taken, written, etc.)
Note:
The prefix EN in many verbs is similar in meaning to the verbal suffix EN. (Префикс EN во многих глаголах похож по значению на глагольный суффикс EN, т.е. сделать, как указано в корне.)
For example: enable, enact, enchant, enclose, encounter, encourage, endanger, endear, endorse, endure, enforce, engage, engrave, engulf, enhance, enjoy, enlarge, enlighten, enlist, enliven, ennoble, enrage, enrich, enroll, enslave, ensure, entail, entangle, entwine, envisage.
IFY:
amplify, beautify, calcify, certify, clarify, classify, codify, crucify;
dignify, dissatisfy, diversify, edify, electrify, emulsify, exemplify;
falsify, fortify, glorify, gratify, horrify, humidify, identify, indemnify, intensify, justify;
magnify, minify, modify, mollify, mortify, mummify, mystify, notify, nullify;
pacify, personify, petrify, purify, qualify, quantify, ramify, ratify, rectify;
sanctify, satisfy, signify, simplify, solidify, specify, stratify, terrify, testify, unify, verify.
EFY: liquefy, putrefy, rarefy, stupefy.
Past: clarified, intensified, notified, simplified, terrified, stupefied, etc.
abolish, accomplish, admonish, astonish, banish, blemish, brandish, cherish;
demolish, diminish, distinguish, embellish, establish, famish, finish, flourish, furbish, furnish;
garnish, impoverish, lavish, nourish, perish, polish, publish, punish;
ravish, relish, replenish, skirmish, tarnish, vanish, vanquish, varnish.
Past: accomplished, furnished, published, vanished, etc.
(Adjectives with ISH: bluish, childish, English, foolish, lavish, reddish, selfish, stylish, etc.)
(Nouns with ISH: anguish, blemish, English, finish, polish, relish, skirmish, varnish, etc.)
IZE
Note: In AmE, usually IZE. In BrE, IZE or ISE.
acclimatize, agonize, Americanize, Anglicize (also, anglicize), antagonize, apologize, authorize, baptize, brutalize;
canonize, capitalize, categorize, centralize, characterize, civilize, colonize, criticize, crystallize;
decentralize, demonetize, deodorize, dramatize, deputize;
economize, emphasize, equalize, familiarize, fertilize, finalize, formalize, fossilize;
galvanize, glamorize, harmonize, homogenize, hospitalize, humanize, hypnotize;
idealize, immobilize, immunize, individualize, industrialize, jeopardize, legalize, liquidize, localize;
materialize, mechanize, memorize, mesmerize, militarize, minimize, mobilize, modernize, monetize, monopolize, moralize, motorize;
nasalize, nationalize, naturalize, neutralize, normalize, notarize, organize, oxidize;
pasteurize, patronize, penalize, personalize, philosophize, polarize, politicize, popularize, publicize, pulverize;
rationalize, realize, recognize, revitalize;
sanitize, scrutinize, sensitize, socialize, solemnize, specialize, stabilize, standardize, sterilize, stigmatize, subsidize, summarize, symbolize, sympathize, synchronize, synthesize, systematize;
terrorize, theorize, tranquillize (AmE tranquilize, tranquillize), traumatize, tyrannize;
urbanize, utilize, vandalize, vaporize, victimize, vitalize, vocalize.
Verbs with the suffix ISE: advertise, chastise.
Past: apologized, economized, modernized, popularized, sympathized, advertised, etc.
Note verbs ending in ISE (not a suffix): advise, comprise, compromise, despise, devise, disguise, exercise, improvise, revise, supervise, surprise, televise, etc.
Note verbs formed from nouns with ISE: franchise, merchandise.
Note spelling of these verbs: promise, premise; practise (BrE), practice (AmE).
YZE, YSE: In AmE, usually YZE: analyze, catalyze, paralyze. In BrE, usually YSE: analyse, catalyse, paralyse.
The final ER is found in many verbs but is not considered to be a suffix. In some verbs, the final ER indicates quick frequent movements (e.g., flicker, shiver). In some other verbs, the final ER does not have any particular meaning. In some verbs, the final ER is part of the root (e.g., differ, prefer).
Конечное ER встречается во многих глаголах, но не считается суффиксом. В некоторых глаголах, конечное ER указывает на быстрые частые движения (например, flicker, shiver). В некоторых других глаголах, конечное ER не имеет определённого значения. В некоторых глаголах, конечное ER является частью корня (например, differ, prefer).
bicker, chatter, clatter, clutter, falter, flatter, flicker, fluster, flutter, glimmer, litter, mutter;
patter, quiver, scatter, shatter, shimmer, shiver, shudder, simmer, snicker, spatter, splatter;
stagger, stammer, stutter, tinker, totter, trigger, utter, wander, waver, whimper, whisper;
answer, banter, bother, charter, cluster, conquer, cover, enter, filter, gather, lower;
master, matter, muster, order, plaster, ponder, register, render, sever, slither, wonder;
administer, bewilder, consider, deliver, discover, encounter, remember, surrender;
confer, defer, differ, infer, offer, prefer, refer, suffer, transfer.